What is the main difference between food allergies and food intolerances?

• A. Food allergies involve an immune response, while intolerances do not
• B. Food allergies are less severe than food intolerances
• C. Food intolerances are caused by bacteria, while allergies are not
• D. Food allergies can be managed by dietary restrictions only

Answer: (A)

The primary distinction between food allergies and food intolerances lies in the immune system response. Food allergies trigger an immune response when the body mistakenly identifies a harmless food protein as a threat. This can lead to various symptoms, some of which can be severe and potentially life-threatening, such as anaphylaxis.

In contrast, food intolerances typically do not involve the immune system. Instead, they often result from difficulties in digesting certain foods, which can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms like bloating, gas, or diarrhea, rather than systemic reactions. This fundamental difference in how the body reacts to these two conditions is critical for individuals experiencing symptoms, as it influences both diagnosis and management strategies.

The other statements do not accurately represent the key differences between allergies and intolerances. For instance, the claim that food allergies are less severe than food intolerances is misleading; food allergies often pose a greater risk of acute reactions. Similarly, food intolerances being solely caused by bacteria overlooks other factors like enzyme deficiencies or chemical sensitivities. Lastly, while dietary restrictions are essential for managing both conditions, it is misleading to state that allergies can be managed only through these restrictions without considering the need for medical intervention in severe cases.