Which dietary pattern is linked to lower chronic disease risk?

• A. A Western-style diet
• B. A vegetarian diet
• C. A Mediterranean-style diet
• D. A high-protein diet

Answer: (C)

A Mediterranean-style diet is recognized for its association with lower risks of chronic diseases due to its emphasis on whole, minimally processed foods and healthy fats. This dietary pattern typically includes a high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, along with olive oil as the primary source of fat. It also includes moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and limited intake of red meats and sweets.

Research indicates that this diet can contribute to improvements in cardiovascular health, reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, and may even lower the incidence of certain types of cancer. The rich variety of phytonutrients, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and monounsaturated fats found in this diet are crucial components in promoting overall health and preventing chronic disease.

In contrast, other dietary patterns like a Western-style diet, which is typically high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates, are associated with increased risk for chronic diseases. Similarly, while a vegetarian diet can have health benefits, it can vary widely in quality and may not consistently offer the same protective effects as the Mediterranean approach. High-protein diets may also contain an imbalance of nutrients if they focus excessively on protein at the expense of other food groups, which may not provide the same comprehensive